A geospatial and interdisciplinary evaluation of a proposed location for the Gog and Magog narrative: The Machu Picchu–Cusco Region

This study presents a geospatial and interdisciplinary evaluation of a proposed location for the Gog and Magog (Yajuj and Majuj) narrative using a structured multi-criteria framework. Moving beyond conventional Eurasian interpretations, the research applies four primary selection filters derived from recurring descriptive patterns in ancient narratives: (1) westward terminal geography, (2) quadripartite spatial organization, (3) solar observational capability, and (4) Astronomical-Environmental Convergence Zone (AECZ) characteristics.
Using these criteria, the Machu Picchu–Cusco region is examined as a potential candidate due to its unique convergence of geographical enclosure, advanced lithic construction, integrated astronomical observation features, and documented cultural centrality. The findings indicate that, while multiple regions satisfy individual criteria, this region uniquely fulfills all four filters simultaneously.
The study does not assert a definitive identification but introduces a testable and replicable framework for evaluating candidate locations within historical and interdisciplinary research contexts. The results highlight the potential of integrating geospatial analysis, archaeology, and comparative cultural models in reassessing longstanding geographical narratives.