Evaluation of thermal comfort in residential buildings: A Case Study of Wari, Dhaka

In Dhaka City's tropical climate, achieving thermal comfort in residential buildings remains a critical challenge due to poor architectural designs, inadequate ventilation, and over-reliance on mechanical systems. This study highlights the thermal discomfort experienced by residents in collective housing in the Wari area, where ineffective thermal insulation and ventilation strategies exacerbate indoor temperature extremes, impacting health and increasing energy consumption. The aim of this research is to evaluate the thermal conditions in residential buildings, identify architectural factors influencing thermal comfort, and recommend adaptive solutions to enhance indoor environmental quality. Using an experimental-descriptive method, data was collected through surveys with 67 residents and in-situ measurements in 11 buildings during winter and summer periods. A Rotronic Temperature Data Logger was used to record indoor temperature and humidity at various times of the day. The findings revealed that 96% of residents were dissatisfied with indoor thermal conditions, with 82% reporting significant discomfort during summer. Energy consumption was high, with 81% of participants relying heavily on cooling and heating systems. Poor thermal performance of construction materials and limited ventilation were major contributors to discomfort. Additionally, over one-third of residents reported chronic health issues linked to thermal extremes. The study concludes that architectural solutions such as optimizing window design, enhancing natural ventilation, incorporating shading devices, and improving insulation are critical for mitigating thermal discomfort. These interventions can reduce energy reliance, improve indoor environmental quality, and promote residents' well-being. The findings emphasize the urgent need for sustainable and cost-effective design strategies in Dhaka's housing sector to ensure healthier living environments.