Evaluation of left ventricular function in normotensive type-2 dm patients by echocardiography

Dhirendra Kumar Gautam 1, Abhijeet Kumar 1, * and Jyoti Prabha 2

1 Department of Medicine, NDMC Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India.
2 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NDMC Medical College & Hindu Rao Hospital, Delhi, India.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 2023–2033.
Article DOI: 10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0696
Publication history: 
Received on 14 March 2024; revised on 23 April 2024; accepted on 26 April 2024
 
Abstract: 
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing globally. Indians are also believed to have a greater degree of insulin resistance and a stronger genetic predisposition to diabetes. Type II DM is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular complications and these are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Left ventricular dysfunction, increased left ventricular wall thickness, increased left ventricular mass, and specific diabetic cardiomyopathy are some of the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes. So the present study was performed to assess normotensive diabetic patients by echocardiography to evaluate their left ventricular function.
A case control cross sectional study was conducted on 40 normotensive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. 40 patients who were non-diabetic, non-hypertensive were taken as a control. A standard 2D echocardiography with M mode and Doppler was performed on case and control. In our study among 40 cases, 55% were male and 45% were female with mean age of case population being 47.5±7.24 year and among 40 controls, 50% were male and 50% were female with mean age 48.03±7.14 year. Mean BMI in case group was 29.49±2.37 kg/m2 and in control group 29.36±2.46 kg/m2. In our study we found that LVDD was present in 57.5% cases, 47.5% of cases had grade 1 LVDD whereas 10% had grade 2 LVDD. In comparison, only 10% of controls had LVDD with all of them having grade 1 LVDD. Also LV Systolic dysfunction, LVM and LVMI were higher in cases as compared to controls. Thus we concluded that the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in asymptomatic, normotensive patients with type 2 DM without significant coronary artery disease is much higher than previously suspected as evidenced by the results of this study and also of similar other studies and it increases with the duration of Diabetes. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction, LVM and LVMH prevalence were also higher in cases as compared to controls and they also correlate with duration of Diabetes.
 
Keywords: 
LVDD (Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction); LVSD (LV Systolic dysfunction); LVM (Left Ventricle Mass); LVMI (Left Ventricle Mass Index)
 
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