Embedding safeguarding in integrated care for older adults

This study explores how integrated physical and mental health care models incorporate safeguarding principles to support older adults with complex needs. A systematic search of four electronic databases identified 2,146 records, from which 573 duplicates were removed. Following screening and eligibility checks, nine studies were included in the final review. These studies represented diverse international contexts and used quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method designs. Key findings showed that 67% (six out of nine) of the studies reported measurable improvements in functional outcomes, including mobility, treatment adherence, and independence in daily living. Patient satisfaction and continuity of care were consistently enhanced, while three studies (33%) explicitly embedded safeguarding frameworks, resulting in reduced neglect and greater caregiver confidence. However, four studies reported no significant reduction in hospital readmissions, indicating mixed system-level outcomes. A recurring error across several studies was the inconsistent or absent reporting of safeguarding measures, which limited comparability and generalizability. Overall, the review highlights that while integrated care improves patient experience and quality of life, safeguarding remains underrepresented and often treated as an add-on rather than a core element. Future models should systematically safeguard to ensure both effective care delivery and the protection of vulnerable older adults.