Determinants of suicide among the elderly in Northern Morocco: A retrospective study

Suicide among the elderly is a growing global public health concern, with distinct patterns and determinants. This study investigates the main factors leading to suicide amongst individuals aged 65 and above in the provinces of Tetouan, Chefchaouen, and Ouazzane in Morocco. Drawing on a broad literature review, the background section establishes the prevalence and risk factors associated with elderly suicide globally and emphasize the need for targeted interventions. In this context, a large-scale retrospective study was conducted, involving the careful selection of cases from forensic medicine departments in the specified provinces. Data from 61 suicide cases and a comparative sample of 61 non-suicide deaths were analysed, considering socio-economic, psychiatric, and somatic factors. The study employed a specially designed questionnaire developed in collaboration with an interdisciplinary team of experts. The findings reveal key characteristics of elderly individuals who committed suicide, including a higher prevalence among males (66%), those residing in rural areas (69%), and individuals with lower educational levels (80%). Economic difficulties (77%), marital and relationship problems (66%), and psychiatric disorders (84%) were identified as significant contributing factors. Loneliness and isolation (84%) emerged as crucial determinants, emphasizing the role of social relationships in mental well-being.